Nanomaterials and Applications

Nanomaterials: It constitutes crystalline or amorphous materials unit with 10²-10³ atoms, mainly in a form of particle in nanoscale （usually within 10A-100A or 10^-9-10^-8m）,as advanced raw materials to be integrated into solvent as dispersion, or matrix as nano composites. Kaier Nanopowders includes
(i) single element like Silicon, or
(ii) non-oxide compounds like Carbides, Nitrides, Borides and other inorganics in the forms of
(i) particle in dispersion,
(ii) particle in film or coating on a surface of metals or plastics or ceramics by means of such as electrochemical deposition etc., and
(iii) particle compactions such as nanostructured cutting tool or parts.

Dimensionally, the nanomaterials is usually less than 100nm and can be categorized as
0-D: quantum dots (1-10nm) or spherical particles (10-100nm usually),
1-D: nano-whisker or –fiber or nanotube with diameter 1-100nm;
2-D: coating or film with a thickness within 100nm, or with nanoparticles; and
3-D: compacted nanostructure materials.
For optical use, when the particle size <1/2 wavelength (400-700nm), all the nano materials (e.g. nanoplastics) remains transparency of the matrix.

The major advantages and attractive potential or realized applications of non-oxides ceramic nano-powders are
(1) excellent resistances on wear, temperature, & corrosions for hard and low friction surface such as mechanical parts (e.g. valves/bearings/ cylinder/ piston) of alloys or plastics, advanced materials smelting crucible, and chemical pumps-(Carbides & Nitrides);
(2) refining or nucleation agent for Silicon polycrystalline ingot, some alloys of steel & non-ferrous as well as polymer (e.g. Carbides, Si nanoparticles);
(3) lower sintering temperature, e.g. solder powder;
(4) ductile ceramics for mechanical pump even cutting tools-(SiC/Si₃N₄);
(5) good thermal conductivity for microelectronic substrates & packaging materials-(AlN);
(6) unique dielectronics for electronic devices;
(7) exceptional adsorption or reflection of light such solar energy （Si）, phosphor （Si₃N₄）and heat storage （B₄C）; and
(8) bio-compatible part such as human-joint or dentals-(TiC) and other new phenomena or performances by itself or integrated with other materials or devices you will discover or create through our standard or custom made nanoparticles.

It can be used directly
(i) in particle form as lubricant additives in oil, or
(ii) hard coatings on the working surfaces by electrochemical deposition/plating or compositing etc.,or (iii) consolidification as substrate or pump or cutter. If you have any new idea or special requests desiring Kaier nanomaterials, we will be happy to assist for your goals.